* P(gun)]
A99.2%D(yu)Ʒ
ӆ؛
r
1
1500.00Ԫ/
(yng)(bio)}A99.2%D(yu)Ʒ
r늃x
l(f)˾ɽ|ɷ˾
؛60000
(lin)ϵˣΝ
l(f)؛cV| V S҅^(q)
l(f)rg20221014
Ч20221114
ھԃPھԃP
a(chn)ƷCϢ|(zh)δӋ
Ϣ
̼cɫĩwoζЉAԡljAԵ}ˮԡ¶ÿ՚u 1mol/Lˮ(s15%)400r_ʼʧȥֽ̼ⲢvˮҜؕr3.535r2.2ݣҴˮҺʏApH11.6ܶ2.53c851딵(sh)30գСǻ116.6mg/kgд̼ɚc̼l(f)W(xu)(yng)Y(ji)϶ɡ
2.2̼ܽcˮ20z϶ȕrһٿˮ20̼cڟoˮҴڱ̼cһNA}ˮl(f)ˮⷴ(yng)(̼cˮa(chn)̼c͚cʹҺ@AԣһĸgcM(jn)Џ(f)ֽⷴ(yng)Na2CO3+H2SO4==Na2SO4+H2O+CO2↑(yng)}ų̼
2.3 (wn)(wn)^ߜҲɷֽcͶ̼Lڱ¶ڿ՚տ՚еˮּ̼̼cY(ji)ӲKԺ Y(ji)ӲKڸߜҲֽ⡣нY(ji)ˮ̼c3NNa2CO3·H2ONa2CO3·7H2O Na2CO3·10H2O
2.4 W(xu)(sh)ڣ298.15K100kğW(xu)(sh)
̼c
B(ti)s
(bio)(zhn)ĦɟΔfHmθkJ·mol^-1-1130.7
(bio)(zhn)Ħɼ˹ΔfGmθkJ·mol^-1-1044.4
(bio)(zhn)SmθJ·mol^-1·K^-1135.0
2.5 e̼cڏA}A}ljAǏA}̼cˮҺx̼xcˮКxӽY(ji)ϳ̼xӣ(do)ҺКxӜpʣxĚxҺpH@Aԣ
Na2CO3 ==== 2Na++CO32-
CO32- +H2O ==== HCO3- + OH-
HCO3- + H2O ==== H2CO3 + OH-
W(xu)|(zh) 3.1 L(fng)̼cĽY(ji)ˮʯA(Na2CO3·10H2O)ڸĿ՚L(fng)
Na2CO3·10H2O====Na2CO3+10H2O
3.2 cᷴ(yng)Na2CO3+ 2HCl^ ==== 2NaCl +H2CO3
̼(wn)ֽɶ̼ˮ
H2CO3====H2O + CO2↑
Na2CO3+ HCl ==== NaCl + NaHCO3
3.3 cA(yng)Na2CO3+ Ca(OH)2==== 2NaOH + CaCO3↓̼}ɫyˮᣩ
3.4 c}(yng)Na2CO3+ BaCl2==== 2NaCl + BaCO3↓̼^ɫyˮᣩ
3Na2CO3+ Al2(SO4)3+ 3H2O ==== 2Al(OH)3↓+ 3Na2SO4+ 3CO2↑
XɫyˮA
Na2CO3+CaCl2=====2NaCl+CaCO3↓
3.5 cH2OCO2(yng)Na2CO3+ H2O + CO2==== 2NaHCO3ډAԭh(hun)г
a(chn)4.1 g(sh)l(f)չʷ
4.1.1 ҷ
ȡ̼c2NaOH + CO2==== Na2CO3+ H2O
4.1.2 βm
^1791˾_ʼʳ}úʯʯԭa(chn)̼cǞβm
˷ԭòڄӗla(chn)Ʒ|(zh)uS档
4.1.3S
1859rSʳ}ˮ̼ԭҜҺ̼cӟᣬֽ̼c˂˷QƉA˷һֱ
4.1.4 °
1943Ї˺°W(xu)wY(ji)Ї(ni)ȱ}ć SM(jn)иM(jn)AͺϳɰɴI(y)(lin)ͬra(chn)̼cͻȻ@ʳ}ǞƉA
4.2 (yng)ԭ
ƉAͺƉAҪW(xu)(yng)ʽ飺
(yng)ʽһNaCl + CO2+ NH3·H2O ==== NaHCO3↓+ NH4Cl
NaHCO3̼cֻ@Nl̼cܽԓlµܽȣ̼cw(jng)^Võ̼cw
(yng)ʽ2NaHCO3==Δ== Na2CO3+ CO2↑+ H2O
ƉAͺƉAͬϷȡ^NH3ѭh(hun)ʹõģ
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 ==Δ== 2NH3↑+ CaCl2+ 2H2O
Ϸȡ^NH4Clֱ鼃Aĸa(chn)Ʒ----ϡ
ϷĮa(chn)Ʒ̼ca(chn)Ȼ}ϷĮa(chn)Ʒ̼ca(chn)Ȼ@
4.3 ƉAԔ
NaClͣ + NH3+ H2O + CO2==== NH4Cl + NaHCO3
2NaHCO3==Δ== Na2CO3+ H2O + CO2↑
cˮͶ̼(yng)һӵ̼@@ǿǰ
1NH3+ H2O + CO2==== NH4HCO3
ڶǣ̼@cȻc(yng)ɵ̼cȻ@̼c֮Գܽ^С
2 NH4HCO3 + NaClͣ ==== NH4Cl + NaHCO3↓
ϳɵ̼cֱֿӳSNۣ̼cӟֽ̼cɵĶ̼»صǰ
32NaHCO3==Δ== Na2CO3+ H2O+ CO2↑
(j)NH4ClܽȱNaClڵ͜ sNaClܽСԭ 278K 283K(5 桫 10 棩 rĸҺмʳ}(x)ʹNH4ClΪY(ji)
˷(yu)c˰Aă(yu)cȱcʹʳ}ߵ96 %NH4Cl cϳɰS(lin)ʹϳɰԭϚCO D(zhun)CO2CaCO3CO2@һ
4.4 ̼cļg(sh)ָ(bio)
ָ(bio)Ŀ | ָ (bio) | ||
1 | 2 | 3 | |
A%) | 99 | 98 | 96 |
Ȼ%) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
ˮ%) | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.15 |
F%) | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.010 |
}%) | 0.03 | 0.08 | - |
ʧ(%) | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
̼cҪĻԭ֮һV(yng)pջW(xu)I(y)ʳƷI(y)ұʯ͡t(y)ˎI(lng) W(xu)Ʒԭϴϴ섩Ҳg(sh)ͷI(lng)
^ڹI(y)һС֞áڹI(y)üAҪpW(xu)I(y)sռ2/3ұ𡢼ʯ͡t(y)ˎI(y)I(y)ǼA^MTÿļA0.2W(xu)I(y)ˮtcccСKɰcұI(y)ұۄxVøx䓺͟RÓӡȾI(y)ܛˮƸ﹤I(y)ԭƤÓ֬кttҺA߀a(chn)ϳϴ섩ӄcc}ȡʳüAa(chn)ζʳȡ[2]
5.1 MI(lng)I(lng)I(y)ǼA^MTÿļA0.2
W(xu)I(y)ˮtcccСKɰcȡ
ұI(y)ұۄxVøx䓺͟RÓ
ӡȾI(y)ܛˮ
Ƹ﹤I(y)ԭƤÓ֬кttҺA
ջa(chn)ϳϴ섩ӄcc}ȡ
ʳƷI(y)ʳüAa(chn)ζʳ
⣬ڷI(lng)И(bio)Һ (zhn)yX~U\z?zi)ҺȫѪˮжۄٽȡ?/p> 5.2 MY(ji)(gu)
^̼cڹI(y)һС֞á
ڹI(y)I(lng)AҪpW(xu)I(y)sռ2/3ұ𡢼ʯt(y)ˎI(y)sռ1/3
ɽ|ɷ˾Ϣ
ɽ|F(tun)҇dzĸºI(y)F(tun)1998ڳɹĿǰa(chn)߿Ƽ}a(chn)Ʒ100NҪa(chn)ƷAȻ}ȻVƬAʮ,廯h(hun)֬,Ȼ⛣ˮVcϵ,cϵ,VVϵЮa(chn)Ʒ:Aa(chn)ϷdzģȻ}ȻV}ȼĮa(chn)ǁdzġV݁Q(mo)˾(ԭVݳƼ˾)2004ɽ|F(tun)ȻVa(chn)ƷVNk̎ĻƼ˾Ҫɽ|F(tun)a(chn)ƷڏV|^(q)NۺƏV˾^(yu)ݵăr,^(yu)|(zh),^`Ľ(jng)Iʽ^Ƶۺ(w)ṩ^MĮa(chn)ƷgӭV(ni)͑ˁǢՄ(chung)x .
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a(chn)Ʒԣ
Ӌλ ؛60000 Сӆ1 a(chn)Ʒr Ʒƣ Ҏ(gu)̖ bf